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Sangha and 5 Precepts
In Vietnamese, đạo (道) means “the way” and pháp (法) means “the Dharma,” and together they form “đạo pháp.” Thay outlines four approaches to the Way:
- học đạo – studying the way through listening to sutras, Vinaya, Abhidharma and Dharma talks
- kiến đạo – seeing the way and gaining confidence
- tu đạo – practicing on the path with the Sangha
-
chứng đạo – fully experiencing and penetrating the way
These rest on three kinds of insight (tam tuệ):
• văn tuệ – wisdom through listening
• tư tuệ – wisdom through deep reflection
• tu tuệ – wisdom arising from sustained practice
Drawing on the Sarvāsrava Sūtra (“All Afflictions”), Thay presents six aspects of practice:
• protecting oneself (hộ trì sáu căn)
• consuming appropriately (food, clothing, shelter, media)
• forbearance (kṣānti)
• avoiding harmful situations
• transforming anger, fear, pride and other poisons
• cultivating wholesome seeds (concentration, understanding, loving-kindness)
He likens each person to a nation of five aggregates—body, feelings, perceptions, mental formations and consciousness—urging a mindful survey of this “territory.” The five precepts are presented as concrete expressions of love and protection—for oneself, one’s family and society—embodying refuge in the Buddha, the Dharma and the Sangha.