The Science of the Buddha – 21-Day Retreat (2012)

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This collection gathers the complete Dharma talks from the 2012 21-Day Retreat, The Science of the Buddha, offered by Zen Master Thich Nhat Hanh in Plum Village.

In this extended retreat, Thay explores the meeting point between Buddhist insight and contemporary scientific inquiry. Drawing on the Sutra on the Full Awareness of Breathing, the Four Noble Truths, the Noble Eightfold Path, and classical Buddhist psychology, he presents the Buddha’s teachings as a rigorous and experiential science of mind.

Themes throughout the retreat include the nature of consciousness, the relationship between observer and observed, the distinction between conventional and ultimate truth, and the insight of interbeing. Through dialogue with modern science and careful examination of perception, time, matter, and cognition, Thay invites practitioners to investigate reality directly rather than rely on fixed notions or inherited views.

At the same time, the retreat remains grounded in daily practice: mindful breathing, walking meditation, the cultivation of the Three Energies of Mindfulness, Concentration, and Insight, and the building of Sangha. Insight is not presented as abstract philosophy, but as a lived experience accessible in each step and each breath.

These talks preserve a profound exploration of the Buddha’s teaching as both contemplative wisdom and living science — a path of inquiry leading to freedom from discrimination, fear, and misunderstanding.

Explore the full 21-day retreat on Living Gems.

Last update February 19, 2026
Thich Nhat Hanh June 4, 2012 English

Foundation of Mindfulness - Non-Dualistic View

June 4, 2012. 185-minute dharma talk by Thich Nhat Hanh from Upper Hamlet in Plum Village during the 21-Day Retreat with the theme The Science of the Buddha. The talk is given in English and this is the third dharma talk (of 15). We begin with 10-minutes of chanting followed by the main dharma talk by Thay. After some mindful movements, we continue with University of Virginia Astrophysicist Professor Trinh Xuan Thuan interviewing Thay.

Topics of the Talk:
Obstacles of Buddhist Practice - Knowledge, Afflictions
Four Foundations of Mindfulness - Body, Feelings, Mind (51 mental formations), Objects of Mind (‘nature’ for the scientist)
From the objects of mind we have “double grasping” and the “perceived and perceiver” - entanglement.
Two Realities - Ultimate, Historical
A=A≠B (science), A≠A=A (Buddhism)

Interview:
Question 1: Buddhism says that one has to get rid of all previous knowledge, to have a clear mind. I think in science one has to know things that were done before, but keep a clear and open mind. Does Thay agree with this?
Question 2: You said something about inanimate matter has intelligence. I’m not sure this is the current scientific view now. Even if you claim that an electron has consciousness, then I say that we have to say there are varying degrees of consciousness. I would say that an electron is very different from a human being. An electron has mass, its electric charge, and its spin, that’s it. Once you’ve seen an electron, you’ve seen them all. Also, a flower. Chimpanzees have some human notion, so close to us in genes. I think there are different degrees of consciousness, and we cannot put everything on the same level. What is your response to that?
Question 3: What is the concept of time in Buddhism? We have the impression that time passes, from the past to the present to the future. In science we learn that past, present and future are always there, and time is not the same for everyone, depending on the movement of the observer. Although there is a psychological time that seems to be there. That is the physical conception of time. So what is the Buddhist concept of time?
Question 4: I like Buddhism not only because I was raised in it, but because it is very logical. It has the spirit of experimentation that a scientist would accept. The mind is the instrument. Objective and subjective reality, that’s something true. As a scientist I realize that an observer is very important as part of what he sees. If you say that there is no objective reality independent of the mind, do you think, for example, that if you do not look at the moon, the moon does not exist? Do you really believe that an alternate universe without consciousness would not exist, if no one could be conscious of it?

Note: this description was automatically sourced from existing YouTube descriptions and other sources. Please ‘Suggest Edit’ if it’s incorrect.

Thich Nhat Hanh June 7, 2012 English

Questions and Answers

June 7, 2012. 99-minute dharma talk by Thich Nhat Hanh from New Hamlet in Plum Village during the 21-Day Retreat with the theme The Science of the Buddha. The talk is given in English and this is the fifth dharma talk (of 15). This is an excellent session of questions and answers.

Questions:

  • What is the difference between feelings and mental formations?
  • Is euthanasia okay? Is it Right Action? Can we relieve physical pain?
  • How do I practice with the teaching of inferiority and equality complexes?
  • How can we support our dharma teacher when they are not so skillful?
  • How do I practice with the last four exercises from the sutra on the full awareness of breathing?
  • Question on consciousness and impermanence.
  • What happens to the mind after the body dies?
  • How can you take refuge in the sangha if you don’t trust? How can we build trust?
  • Severe mental illness, such as bipolar, requires medicine to balance emotion. Can you clarify this as it relates to the practice?

The session includes contemplations before chanting, the Heart of Perfect Understanding, and an introduction to the questions and answers session. Specific questions address feelings and mental formations, the ethics of euthanasia in cases of severe pain, understanding and practicing with the teachings on inferiority and equality complexes, supporting a local dharma teacher, reconciling the impermanence of consciousness with traumatic experiences, the possibility of the mind existing without the body, building trust within the sangha, and the relationship between strong emotions, meditation, and medical treatment for severe mental disorders.

Note: this description was automatically sourced from existing YouTube descriptions and other sources. Please ‘Suggest Edit’ if it’s incorrect.

Thich Nhat Hanh June 10, 2012 English

Non-Locality Teaching

June 10, 2012. 102-minute dharma talk by Thich Nhat Hanh from Lower Hamlet in Plum Village during the 21-Day Retreat with the theme The Science of the Buddha. The talk is given in English and this is the seventh dharma talk (of 15). We begin with two chants: Les Vision Profond (French) and Hien Tien Thanh Tinh (We are Truly Present). Interbeing of the entire cosmos. The flower is interacting with the entire cosmos.

Topics covered include suffering and happiness, being and non-being, and the Fourth Mindfulness Training - deep listening. Thich Nhat Hanh discusses how many people have money but are not happy, and the importance of generating compassion. He emphasizes that those with the energy of mindfulness may be afraid to embrace their suffering, and highlights the essential practices of breathing, sitting, walking, and cooking in mindfulness.

He explains the concepts of ill-being and well-being, relating them to the first and third noble truths, respectively. The second noble truth is the making of suffering, and the fourth is the path leading to well-being. Understanding suffering brings compassion, and happiness is born from understanding and compassion. The foundation of love is understanding, and to love someone, one must understand their suffering.

Thich Nhat Hanh also touches on the organic nature of happiness and suffering, the need for happy people in the world, and the Fourth Mindfulness Training, which involves loving speech and compassionate listening. He explains that using loving speech can open others’ hearts and heal both oneself and others.

He delves into the teachings of non-locality, the concept of svabhava (own being), and the idea that nothing has a separate existence. There is action but no actor, and breathing but no breather. The eyes are not the seer; they are merely one condition among many that make seeing possible. The talk concludes with a meditation on a flower and references to Ratnaprabhuta Buddha.

Note: this description was automatically sourced from existing YouTube descriptions and other sources. Please ‘Suggest Edit’ if it’s incorrect.

Thich Nhat Hanh June 12, 2012 English

Our Children Flesh

June 12, 2012. 111-minute dharma talk by Thich Nhat Hanh from Upper Hamlet in Plum Village during the 21-Day Retreat with the theme The Science of the Buddha. The talk is given in English and this is the eighth dharma talk (of 15).

The Seven Factors of Enlightenment (relaxation, joy, investigation, etc.) are discussed, along with the separate investigation of phenomena and noumenal. We should not mix up the two dimensions of conventional and ultimate. When considering the Four Noble Truths, the first two must be investigated in the realm of conventional truth. Conditional Dharma. The same cloud can be both investigated from conventional truth and ultimate truth.

The Second Noble Truth and the Fifth Mindfulness Training can be described in terms of food, or nutriments. The Sutra of the Son’s Flesh gives this teaching on nutriments. Thay explains the Four Kinds of Nutriments: edible foods, sensory impressions, volition, and consciousness. He discusses Mencius’ Mother (China); also known as Meng Ze. Thay would like to see the Sutra on Four Kinds of Nutriments in the next edition of the chanting book.

The ultimate is free from the notion of being and non-being. Nirodha (the third noble truth) and nirvana represent the ultimate truth. The third noble truth is the noble eightfold path, and the second noble truth is the ignoble path. The ground of right view gave birth to the Five Mindfulness Trainings.

Bringing the practice to schools is emphasized, and Thay suggests that we should train the trainer. Mindful consumption is highlighted as the way, and the practice of eating in mindfulness is encouraged. The second source of nutriment includes sensorial impressions such as books, magazines, and the internet. The third source of nutriment is volition, and the fourth source is consciousness.

Thay also responds to a journalist from the Indian Times, discussing what a journalist should do when hearing terrible news in the early morning. He emphasizes practicing the Fifth Mindfulness Training to protect ourselves and mentions that walking meditation is a kind of consumption. The story of the mother of Mencius (Meng Zi) is shared to illustrate these teachings.

Note: this description was automatically sourced from existing YouTube descriptions and other sources. Please ‘Suggest Edit’ if it’s incorrect.

Thich Nhat Hanh June 14, 2012 English

Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha Bodies

Thay discusses the importance of mindfulness in daily life and that every breath, every step can bring us joy and happiness. Mindfulness, concentration, insight, are three kinds of energies that we cultivate in our practice, that can bring joy and peace in every moment and help us transform suffering.

Thay tells the story of the Buddha visiting the monk Vakkali, who is dying. The story illustrates the concept of the Dharma body. Thay then teaches about the Four Recollections and the Four Bodies- the Buddha body, the Dharma body, the Sangha body and the Mindfulness Training body. We practice to cultivate and nuture these Four Bodies within us. He relates how the Four Bodies are interconnected and that a true Sangha– a living Sangha, has the living Dharma and the living Buddha within it.

“Every one of us is a cell of the Sangha body. And we know that the Sangha body carries within herself the Buddha body. So if the Sangha is a true Sangha, the Buddha is in the Sangha. And while you are a cell of the Sangha body, you are at the same time a cell of the Buddha body. It’s wonderful to be a cell in the body of the Buddha. And actually you are one. Every one of us is one cell in the Buddha body. Why do you have to go and look for the Buddha elsewhere? You are already one cell in the Buddha body. Rejoice.”

This is the ninth talk in a series of thirteen given during The Science of the Buddha, twenty-one-day retreat in the year 2012. Thay offered this talk at the Upper Hamlet, Plum Village, France.