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Cultivating the Mind-Ground: 51 Mental Formations for a Living Mindfulness

Thich Nhat Hanh · April 5, 2009 · Plum Village, France · Audio Only
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The Buddhist practice is a mental cultivation (bhāvanā): the mind is “soil” and the seeds (seeds of happiness, peace, brotherhood) come from the vijñāna (consciousness-knowledge) preserved in the depths (store consciousness). Mental formations (saṃskāra) are impermanent; we distinguish 51 categories that we must learn to recognize and name—positive, negative, or neutral—in order to observe their arising and their passing away with mindfulness.

Mindfulness (the 51st particular formation) generates concentration (samādhi), and together, they give rise to deep looking (prajñā). At the same time, five universal mental formations (biṃd-vyavahāra) are always active:

  1. contact
  2. attention (the task of orienting the consciousness)
  3. feeling (pleasant, unpleasant, neutral)
  4. perception
  5. volition

Each moment of daily life (walking, eating, washing the dishes, brushing your teeth, urinating…) thus becomes an opportunity to return to the present moment, to cultivate joy and freedom, and to nourish the Earth by stepping out of “auto-pilot.”

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